A study published in the online issue of Neurology has found that people aged 70 and older are having fewer strokes and are also dying less frequently from strokes. In older people, researchers found declines in both ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke.
Researchers used national health-care registries in Denmark to identify all people in the country hospitalised with a first-time stroke between 2005 and 2018. They identified 8,680 younger adults aged 18 to 49 who had a stroke during that time, and 105,240 older adults aged 50 and older. Researchers calculated yearly incidence rates for both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke based on the Danish population and incidence rates based on age.
Researchers found the incidence rate of stroke in people 49 and younger remained steady over the course of the study, with around 21 cases of ischaemic stroke per 100,000 person-years at the start and end of the study. Researchers report that person-years take into account both the number of people in the study and the amount of time each person spends in the study. For intracerebral haemorrhage, the incidence rate in young people was around two cases per 100,000 person-years at the start and end of the study.
“Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the world,” said study author Henrik Toft Sørensen, Aarhus University Hospital in Aarhus, Denmark. “Recent research on the incidence of stroke has been mixed, and some studies have reported an increase among young people. However, our research found no increase in stroke among young people, and it also found the incidence of stroke declining among older people, which is encouraging.”
Researchers found the incidence rates of stroke declined in people 50 and older over the course of the study, with 372 cases of ischaemic stroke per 100,000 person-years at the start of the study and 311 cases at the end. For intracerebral haemorrhage, there were 49 cases per 100,000 person-years at the start of the study and 38 cases at the end. However, stroke rates in people in their 50s were stable, with most of the decline in people aged 70 and older.
“The decrease we found may be associated with better treatment of stroke risk factors, such as hypertension and atrial fibrillation, as well as falling smoking rates in the population,” said Sørensen.
Researchers determined death rates by calculating how many people died in the month after a stroke and found rates declined in both younger and older people. For ischaemic stroke, 2.3% of younger people died one month after stroke at the start of the study compared to 0.1% at the end. In older people, 8.2% died one month after stroke at the start of the study compared to 6% at the end. Investigators also observed a decline in intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke rates among both groups as well.
“The improvements we found in survival rates are consistent with improvements in stroke care,” said Sørensen. “We also examined stroke severity and found while mild strokes increased, the most severe cases declined. These changes could be related to improvements in stroke awareness in the general population as well as the care people receive for stroke, including in the ambulance and emergency department prior to hospitalisation. Such care has led to faster and improved diagnostics, particularly regarding the mildest of cases.”
A limitation of the study was that the data did not allow researchers to examine trends in some subtypes of stroke. Another limitation was that the study was conducted in Denmark so the results may not be the same for populations in other countries.
