Despite prevention efforts, researchers have found a significant increase over a 10-year period in the percentage of people with stroke who have high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and other risk factors for stroke. The study is published in Neurology.
“An estimated 80% of all first strokes are due to risk factors that can be changed, such as high blood pressure, and many efforts have been made to prevent, screen for and treat these risk factors. Yet we saw a widespread increase in the number of stroke patients with one or more risk factors. These alarming findings support the call for further action to develop more effective methods to prevent and control these risk factors to reduce stroke risk,” said study author Fadar Oliver Otite (University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA).
For the study, researchers examined a public database of US hospitalisations, and identified 922,451 adult hospitalisations for ischaemic stroke between 2004 and 2014.
Of those stroke cases, 93% of people had one or more risk factors, which increased from 88% in 2004 to 95% in 2014. The prevalence of high cholesterol more than doubled during the study period, from 29% to 59%. The prevalence of diabetes increased from 31% to 38%. The prevalence of high blood pressure increased from 73% to 84%. And the prevalence of drug abuse doubled, from 1.4% to 2.8%. These risk factors varied by age, race and sex.
Researchers found that the incidence of high blood pressure in stroke hospitalisations increased annually by 1%, diabetes increased by 2%, high cholesterol by 7%, smoking by 5% and drug abuse by 7%. Additionally, kidney failure increased annually by 13%, plaque build-up in the carotid artery by 6% and coronary artery disease by 1%. The proportion of people with multiple risk factors also increased over time.
While the study did not examine reasons for the increase, researchers say improved screening and detection of some risk factors may have played a role.
“While we have made great strides in reducing the proportion of people who die from stroke, we still have progress to make on preventing stroke and better controlling these risk factors,” Otite said.
Limitations of the study include that the definitions of some risk factors may have changed over time and therefore risk factors may not have been recorded consistently. Also, increased prevalence of high cholesterol could be related to more testing being done after studies showed the benefits of statins for stroke prevention.
