Regular exercise, not body mass, before stroke may predict disability later

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A new study has suggested that it is the amount of regular exercise people get, not the amount of body fat they have, that may predict how well they recover from a stroke. The study has been published online in Neurology.

“We found that those who exercised vigorously three times a week or more three years prior to stroke were more likely to be independent before and after stroke, compared to those who were inactive” says study author Pamela Rist, Harvard University, Boston, USA, and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. “We also found that a person’s body mass index was not a factor in predicting their level of disability after stroke.”

For the study, researchers followed 18,117 people who were initially stroke-free for an average of 12 years. Participants were interviewed every other year about their ability to do basic activities like getting dressed, bathing, eating and getting out of bed; and more complex activities including taking medications as prescribed, grocery shopping, preparing meals and managing money.

They were also asked their height, weight and whether they participated in vigorous physical activity or exercise three times a week or more during the past year. Vigorous physical activity was defined as participating in sports, heavy housework or a job that required physical labour.

During the study, 1,374 of the participants had a stroke and survived, and 479 people had a stroke and died before the next round of interviews. Of those who did not have a stroke, 45% were physically active, compared to 43% of those who had a stroke and survived and 26% of those who had a stroke and died.

Among stroke survivors, those who were physically inactive were 18% less likely to be taking care of their basic activities such as bathing on their own three years after stroke than those who exercised regularly. They also were 16% less likely to be taking care of more complex activities such as managing money on their own. The study showed similar differences between inactive and active people three years before a stroke occurred.

In addition, researchers say their study suggests that being physically active does not protect against the disabling effects of a stroke itself.

“Our study was able to show that being physically inactive before stroke predicts a higher risk of being dependent both before and after stroke,” says Rist. “Research is needed to look into whether more intense activity could improve stroke outcomes and whether people can change their activity patterns to improve stroke outcomes.”

Limitations of the study include that the information was self-reported. There was a lack of information on the various stroke subtypes. Also, some in the study may have already had physical limitations at the start of the study that prevented them from being physically active.

The study was funded by the National Institute on Aging.